![]() In the last decades a high number of epidemiological data have been reported. Here, we review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic tests and therapeutic management of celiac disease. The pathogenesis of NCGS remains largely unknown, although it is now ascertained that it includes a set of factors. Besides celiac disease and wheat allergy, a new entity has been included, apparently not driven by an immune response: The non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). Conversely, it is now ascertained that undiagnosed celiac disease, might have severe consequences in children as well as in adult subjects. Celiac disease shows peculiar features in comparison to others autoimmune disorders, including the complete recovery of the mucosal damage as well as the reversibility of its progression and chronic dynamics, with a total avoidance of gluten. Celiac disease might be considered a syndrome, because of the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and the involvement of various human systems. In celiac subjects the ingestion of gluten leads to an enteropathy with an impairment of the mucosal surface and, consequently, abnormal absorption of nutrients. Celiac disease was first described in 1888 by Samuel Gee, but only in 1953 it became clear the importance of the gluten in the origin of this pathology. Juni 2000 51(6):717–20.Celiac disease defined an autoimmune disorder originating by an aberrant adaptive immune response against gluten-containing grains in susceptible individuals. ![]() Shah VH, Rotterdam H, Kotler DP, Fasano A, Green PH.Dig Liver Dis Off J Ital Soc Gastroenterol Ital Assoc Study Liver. Narrow band imaging combined with water immersion technique in the diagnosis of celiac disease. Valitutti F, Oliva S, Iorfida D, Aloi M, Gatti S, Trovato CM, u.High-magnification immersion chromoscopic duodenoscopy permits visualization of patchy atrophy in celiac disease: an opportunity to target biopsies of abnormal mucosa. Classification of villous atrophy with enhanced magnification endoscopy in patients with celiac disease and tropical sprue. Lo A, Guelrud M, Essenfeld H, Bonis P. ![]() Direct visualization of intestinal villi by high-resolution magnifying upper endoscopy: a validation study.
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